What ended nirvana?

In the context of Sun Wukong (the Monkey King) from Journey to the West, the concept of nirvana as it pertains to his character's story is not about a permanent or final state, but more about a spiritual transformation or enlightenment. However, to clarify your question—what ended nirvana or what challenges existed after achieving it—it’s important to distinguish between the literal and metaphysical aspects of nirvana.

1. Nirvana as Enlightenment, Not "End"

In the Buddhist sense, nirvana is not an "end" but a state of liberation from suffering, ignorance, and the cycle of rebirth (samsara). For Sun Wukong, his nirvana at the end of Journey to the West represents his spiritual enlightenment after going through personal growth and transformation.

2. Wukong's Final Test:

After Wukong's physical and mental transformation, he reaches a kind of nirvana, where he has overcome his pride, arrogance, and violent tendencies. But this isn’t the end of his character arc. The end of his suffering and attaining enlightenment (nirvana) still signifies his continued service, self-discipline, and protection of Tang Sanzang (Tripitaka). His final test is his loyalty and dedication to the monk during the pilgrimage.

Wukong is rewarded with the title "Victorious Fighting Buddha" for his service, as he proved his worthiness through discipline and devotion. So, his "nirvana" doesn't end, but his spiritual journey transforms him into a protector of the Buddha’s teachings.

3. The Concept of Nirvana in a Broader Buddhist Context

In a broader Buddhist sense, nirvana is understood as the liberation from the cycle of suffering and rebirth. In the case of Wukong, his "nirvana" is symbolic of his spiritual growth, rather than an absolute final state. The moment of reaching nirvana doesn't mean all of Wukong's challenges are over. Instead, he continues his spiritual path, which can be seen as ongoing.

Nirvana and the Cycle of Rebirth in Buddhism

In Buddhism, achieving nirvana is meant to break the cycle of samsara (reincarnation). While Sun Wukong attains a form of this, his journey, in many ways, shows the balance of enlightenment and continuous service, rather than him simply resting in eternal peace. Even after achieving "nirvana", Wukong continues his service and purpose in the divine realms.

4. The "End" of Nirvana as a Concept in Fiction

In the realm of fiction (and Wukong's case), nirvana could be seen as the end of his rebellious nature, but it's not necessarily the end of all challenges. Wukong may have reached a state of enlightenment, but the story is about ongoing growth, and his purpose continues even after enlightenment.

In essence, nirvana for Wukong isn't something that ends; it’s a continuous state of spiritual fulfillment where his ego is conquered, and he is fully devoted to his higher purpose.